The Nature and Philosophy of Science

This link, The Nature and Philosophy of Science, offer a synthesis of the problems related to Philosoph of Science. You can go in there from Baconian Inductivism through Newtonian hpothetico-deductivism and Popperian Falsasionism until the Duhem-Quine problem.

The paper also develop the intuition about why do we need Shaping Principles to observe data. We need criterium to select theories and that is the role of the Shaping Principles. Indeed the problems with how we interpret data are multiple and the paper present some of them.

Although the paper focus on natural science, there is an interesting link between the "Shaping Principles" and the "value-judgemnt" by Weber. Both play the same role: they help to select a theory.

Althought many times the author gives his opinion, without helping to improve the presentation, I still think that this is a good introductory paper, and I strongly recommend it!